Emission control in coking operations by use of stage charging. Operations poducts coal emoval desulphurization emoval coke 6 1 3 6 5 1 3 2 5 6 1 3 2 6 1 3 2 4 6 1 3 6. Power generation the heatrecovery process converts excess heat generated in the ovens into industrial steam or electric power. In the process of converting coal into coke using the byproduct coke oven, the volatile matter in the coal is vaporized and driven off. In 1946 a complete rebuilding program for all of the coke ovens was undertaken. This document outlines the preventative maintenance and operations plan pmo plan for the cokenergy facility which is located adjacent to the indiana harbor coke company. Chronic longterm exposure to coke oven emissions in humans results in conjunctivitis, severe dermatitis, and lesions of the respiratory system and digestive system. Foundry coke comprises most of the balance and is used by foundries in furnaces for melting metal and in the preparation of molds. To reduce costs, improve yields and treat gas in an environmentally responsible. Prepared coal is heated in an oxygenfree atmosphere coked until most volatile components in the coal are removed. Power generation excess heat from our coke ovens is converted to steam andor electricity through steam generators and turbines.
Water is condensed out of coal, out of the coke oven gas while recovering tar and other products. Emission factor documentation for ap42 coke production. Mitsui mining actively expands chemical operations. This hot gas is immediately quenched by direct contact with a spray of aqueous liquor flushing liquor.
Over 90 percent of the total coke production is dedicated to blast furnace operations. In a byproduct coke oven the evolved coke oven gas leaves the coke oven chambers at high temperatures approaching 2000f. The coke oven byproduct plant is an integral part of the byproduct cokemaking process. Pdf coke oven intelligent integrated control system. By the 1980s, all that remained of the dunlap operations were the ovens, a slate pile and coal washer ruins, two company houses drastically modified, and the clubhouse. To prepare coal blend suitable for carbonization various steps involved are. Cutting operating costs in coke oven gas plants alfa laval solutions for coke producers. Coke oven gas is cooled, and byproducts are recovered. Operation of cuttingedge coke oven having all of durability. The coke is shipped to a steel mill where its mixed with iron ore and other elements, like limestone, and heated again in a blast furnace as part of the steelmaking process.
This plan has been prepared in compliance with title v. The resulting cooled gas is water saturated and has a. Pdf coke oven is a complex plant with the characteristics of large. Water is used for cooling ovens, quenching off gas. Coke oven gas treatment tar, liquor, ammonia by keith wright. While a blast furnace is operating, the stop of supplying the raw material is not allowed, and very. Some facilities may include an onsite tar distillation unit.
The material remaining is a carbon mass called coke. Supply the endless appetites of the furnaces for fuel with the highly detailed coke oven and quench tower with larry and quench cars from cornerstone. Each oven holds between 14 and 23 megagrams 15 and 25 tons of coal. This ho structure is right at home in your steel works operations, but theyre also operated at mines and as freestanding operations. Coke is the most important raw material fed into the blast furnace in terms of its effect on blast furnace operation and hot metal quality. Naphthalene is removed in the separator on the final cooler.
Cokenergy preventive maintenance and operations plan. Coke production for blast furnace ironmaking by hardarshan s. A coke oven battery is a series of 10 to 100 coke ovens operated together. Therefore, how to save energy, promote production and quality of coke are key problems of coke oven control and management. John m henderson pusher machines are at the cutting edge of coke oven equipment technology.
Coke is the most important raw material fed into our blast furnaces. Coke making operations were begun at the plant in 1916 and expanded over the next 30 years. The coke ovens are nonrecovery type, which fully combusts the coke oven gas in the ovens as it is generated. Exposure to coke oven emissions may occur for workers in the aluminum, steel, graphite, electrical, and construction industries. Valia, scientist, ispat inland inc introduction a world class blast furnace operation demands the highest quality of raw materials, operation, and operators. Physical coke properties a high quality coke is characterized by a definite set of physical and chemical properties that vary within a narrow limit thereby ensuring consistency in the quality. Purchased coke is used, but the price is sufficiently high to enable a reduced coke consumption to offset higher cost when adding hi to the f burden. As is widely known, this process makes possible to obtain a coal cake with high density up to 1080 kgdm 3, dry base, as long as an optimum moisture content is present in the blend around 10%. Coke is the only solid material remaining below the cohesive zone in the blast furnace refer figure a for various zones of operation in blast. A world class blast furnace operation demands the highest quality of raw. Coke production chemical agents and related occupations. The use of hot riquetted iron hi in the last furnace f. The treatment efficiency is failing in phenol removal. Use of furnace coke in traditional steelmaking operations.
Vertical cokeovens are arranged in two batteries side by side, e. Ahead of his presentation at next months eurocoke summit, we spoke with reji mathai, senior manager of coke oven operation at jsw steel, to get his view on the most significant recent industry shifts, why its important to share success stories and much more. Light oil is then removed from the coke oven gas and is fractionated to recover benzene, toluene, and xylene. Environmental protection agency office of air quality planning and standards research triangle park, nc 27711 finalized by rti international 3040 cornwallis road research triangle park, nc 27709. The claus process is normally used to recover sulfur from coke oven gas.
Offtake flues remove gases evolved from the destructive. Its made by heating metallurgical coal in largescale, speciallydesigned ovens to more than 2,000 degrees fahrenheit, which leaves behind a carbonrich product called coke. Consequently the simplified methodology is to combine an activity rate ar with a. Coke oven furnaces coke oven european environment agency. Atmospheric pollution control in coke ovens norms for coke oven emissions cpcb entrusted the job of preparing norms of coke oven emissions to mecon who in consultation with different steel plants and international standards such as usa caaa1990i, germany taluft1986 etc. Santanu chakraborty, in treatise on process metallurgy. Coke oven is key thermal equipment and consumes energy massively in the metallurgy industry. In the coke making process, bituminous coal is fed usually after processing.
Our business unit process technologies supplies chemical plants. Workers and jobs steel heritage in western pennsylvania curriculum 2007 rivers of steel national heritage area page 1 workers there are many different jobs in a. A blend of three to five coking coals is generally used in the production of. Considering the complexity and importance of flue temperature control in coke oven heating process, the control method of combining the. It diverted coal tar from the coke ovens, refined it, moved it through pipes, and stored it in tanks for shipping elsewhere. Both batteries have usually two charging and pushing machines.
Highspeed separator modules for separation of all types of process. The cokemaking process involves carbonization of coal to high temperatures. Coke oven gas is a byproduct of coverting coal into coke used in steel production. These batteries consist of one 1 6meter battery and three 3 3meter batteries. Production of alizarin, japans first synthetic dye, begins omuta. Producing safe, sustainable steel pursuing operational excellence in all business processes. As larger amount of coal is held in an oven, it significantly reduces the number of pushings per day and hence emissions per ton of coke produced. There is need to automate the coke oven operations as much as possible. Table 1 suggests, the wi coal has a high content of o joining ali. This volatile matter leaves the coke oven chambers as hot, raw coke oven gas.
Illinois, and international operations in vitoria, brazil, and odisha, india. The treatment station is a model of an asp, without a sludge recycling and a sludge thickener instead of sedimentation basin. Flushing liquor, formed from the cooling of coke oven gas, and liquor from primary coolers contain tar and are sent to a tar decanter. Our experts help you combat fouling and maximize plant efficiency by supplying heat exchangers customized to your specific operating conditions. Risk assessment document for coke oven mact residual risk the residual risk analysis described in this report addresses four coke plants subject to the 1993 coke oven mact standards 40 cfr part 63 subpart l and estimates potential risks due to haps emissions from facilities involved in coking operations. The blended coal is charged into a number of slot type ovens wherein each oven shares a common heating flue with the. Higher capacity of the coke oven chamber is an important parameter for byproduct recovery type ovens. Before carbonization, the selected coals from specific mines are blended, pulverized, and oiled for proper bulk density control. The coke, when exposed to oxygen, will immediately ignite and begin to burn. Domtar ceased operations in sydney in 1962 abandoning its storage tanks, waste disposal lagoons, pipes, buildings and equipment. Characterization of gas generation during coking reaction and.
Coke is a key ingredient in the production of steel. Metallurgical coke is used in iron and steel industry processes primarily in blast furnaces to reduce iron ore to iron. The jmh emission control system uses a reverse jet bag filter unit to remove the dust from the high temperature gases. How to use a speed square why it might be the most important tool you own duration. Coke oven gas is a valuable heating fuel that is used mainly within steel plants, for example, to fire blastfurnace stoves, to soak furnaces for semifinished steel, to anneal furnaces and lime kilns as well as to heat the coke ovens themselves kaegi et al.
Process heat comes from the combustion of gases between the coke chambers. The coke oven managers yearbook 224 gas as it is generated, and also to have a reliable continuous supply of flushing liquor to quench this coke oven gas to a reasonably low temperature. The system was fitted to a commercially operating coke oven to analyze the. After the 1920s, the dunlap coke ovens lay dormant for over a half century. Coke oven having all of durability, safety and efficiency nextgeneration coke oven resulting from the fusion of worldleading companys technology and ihis engineering power coke is one of extremely important raw materials for ironmaking. Coke is the most important raw material fed into the blast. Coke is produced from coal at the facilitys four 4 coke oven batteries.
This facility was situated directly adjacent to and north of the coke oven operations. Mitsui mining starts fullscale chemical operations at omuta currently our omuta works. An electrostatic precipitator is used to remove more tar from coke oven gas. It is located in the city of warren, in northeastern ohio. Water consumption in coke oven coke ovens consume % of all water required in the steel plants. Each oven holds between 9 to 32 megagrams mg 10 to 35 tons of coal.