Ciliaris muscle, muscle of the ciliary body of the eye, between the sclera white of the eye and the fine ligaments that suspend the lens. Australian rangelands and climate change cenchrus ciliaris buffel grass 5 anthropogenic climate change will lead to ecosystem changes in worldwide arid and semiarid rangelands by the influence changed climate has on invasive plants. The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 403893 with original publication details. From the cholistan desert, pakistan 1475 the total nitrogen content of the samples was determined by the microkjeldahl method. For example, in the western usa rangelands invasive grasses are currently transforming native ecosystems. Starr0201160036cenchrus ciliarisbunkers green waste graffiti and trashkanaha beach phase two westmaui 24250265740. Anticancer effect of cenchrus ciliaris l sciencedirect. It has a deep, tough rootstock that may go as deep as 2 m.
Buffel grass has been widely introduced in the dry tropics and subtropics as a pasture grass, for erosion control and revegetation of. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Cenchrus ciliaris and pennisetum squamulatum dujardin. Such names allude to the sharp, spinecovered burrs characterizing the inflorescences of the members of the genus some botanists include the genus within the. Its species are native to many countries in asia, africa, australia, the americas, and various oceanic islands common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur. This document was originally published on the website of. However, in certain situations, particularly in arid to semiarid environments, buffel grass has the ability to rapidly invade the surrounding environment. Cytogeography of cenchrus ciliaris poaceae in tunisia. Buffel grass cenchrus ciliaris is of most concern on sandy soils and is often also weedy on alluvial flats and riverine sites. The most drought tolerant of the commonly sown grasses, cenchrus ciliaris.
It is composed of both longitudinal and circular fibres and serves to change the shape of the lens, enabling the eye to focus upon near or distant. Cenchrus ciliaris buffelgrass or african foxtail grass. Buffelgrass cenchrus ciliaris is a perennial shrublike grass from the family poaceae. Browse pictures and read growth cultivation information about cenchrus species, buffel grass cenchrus ciliaris supplied by member gardeners in the plantfiles database at daves garden. Germination international seed testing association. Cenchrus ciliaris pennisetum ciliare, commonly known as buffel grass, is a perennial bunchgrass that forms thick mats. Ecological and phenological study on ferulago angulata in the. Buffel grass cenchrus ciliaris can dominate the understorey in arid regions. Cenchrus ciliaris has become naturalised and often an invasive species in australia, the southwestern united states, hawaii, mexico, central america, south america, and macaronesia. It is also known by its basionym cenchrus ciliaris. It forms extensive dense monocultures excluding native species. Buffel grass is a highly variable, tufted tussockforming perennial grass ecoport, 2010. Petra ballings along road from shashe wilderness camp to national parks compound, tuli.
Cenchrus comes from a greek word kenchros means a kind of millet synonyms. Otherwise highly diverse communities, grasslands and shrublands, have been overtaken by a monoculture of this fire tolerant. Cenchrus ciliaris is native to africa, arabia, canary islands, malagasy, indonesia, northern india, and pakistan. The lowlands of the east and southeast contrast with the rest of the country by having a bimodal rainfall distribution, and have marginal rainfall for crop production. Pdf popular pastoral species, buffel grass cenchrus ciliaris is receiving long overdue. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. Segmental allotetraploidy and allelic interactions in. Q in may 2004 for the degree of doctor of philosophy in tropical plant sciences school of. Plant details information about cenchrus ciliaris plant. Cenchrus ciliaris has been introduced into many tropical and subtropical areas, where it can be found from sea level to 2000 m. Link, buffelgrass is a perennial, common in warmer regions of both hemispheres, growing as.
Cenchrus ciliaris invasion and control in southwestern u. Pdf cytogeography of cenchrus ciliaris poaceae in tunisia. Nutrient intake of range sheep on a buffelgrass cenchrus. It is often used as a pasture grass in texas and northern mexico and has invaded several countries including hawaii. Aposporous apomixis in pennisetum squamulatum and cenchrus ciliaris buffelgrass, syn. In very lush pasture can cause acute oxalate poisoning in sheep, but only if they are. Cenchrus is derived from the greek word kegchros which means a kind of millet.
It was introduced in the 1930s into arizona, united states, to provide grazing. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. The interception of buffel grass represented by a convex polygon joining the extremities. The genus cenchrus has 22 species, tropical and warm temperate. Buffel grass cenchrus ciliaris is an introduced, perennial pasture grass that is found across much of the australian continent, including arid and semi.
Cenchrus ciliaris has the least connate involucral bristles in the genus and thus has been alternately placed in both genera wagner et al. Weed control in lawns cein4 plants that contanimate wool and mohair in texas. The abundance of the exotic perennial cenchrus ciliaris buffel grass. In the present study we determined chromosome number and nuclear dna content 2c dna for 28 natural populations collected from northern to. Cenchrus ciliaris synonyms, cenchrus ciliaris antonyms.
A few examples of species we test which are not currently in the ista rules for seed testing aristida species spear grass poaceae astrebla species mitchell grass poaceae cochlospermum fraseri native kapok tree bixaceae chrysopogon fallax golden beard grass poaceae erythrophleum chlorostachys cooktown ironwood fabaceae gyrocarpus americana helicopter tree. The species epithet ciliaris is latin and means like an eyelash, or short hairs, possibly alluding to the hairy bristles surrounding the spikelets. Segmental allotetraploidy and allelic interactions in buffelgrass pennisetum ciliare l. Link is a species of grass native to most of africa, southern asia east to india, southern iran, and the extreme south of europe. The results can also be downloaded as a csv file unicode utf8 encoding see status, confidence level, source for definitions. Cenchrus ciliaris l total alcohol and successive extracts of both aerial and root parts were tested for their anticancer activities against lung a549, intestinal caco, colon hct116, cervical hela, hepatocellular hepg2, and breast mcf7 pc3 cell lines and compared with the standard drug vinblastine sulphate.
Cenchrus ciliaris is a species of grass native to most of africa, southern asia east to india. Buffel grass cenchrus ciliaris as an invader and threat. Pennisetum gramineae in malesia with some general nomenclatural notes september 2014 blumea journal of plant taxonomy and plant geography 591. This is a very important pasture grass in many parts of the tropical world, mainly because of its ease and low cost of establishment, comparatively high value and yield, extreme drought. Temperature and rainfall, in combination with topography and soils, determine moisture availability. Link, buffelgrass is a perennial, common in warmer regions of both hemispheres, growing as a c4 grass in a wide range of habitats. Cenchrus ciliaris definition of cenchrus ciliaris by the. In riparian areas in can replace native vegetation along riverbanks and damage habitats that are vital to the survival of many plant and animal species. Click on each image to see a larger version and details of the record view all images 6 photo. Pdf ecological impacts of buffel grass cenchrus ciliaris l. Cenchrus ciliaris buffelgrass this plant and synonym italicized and indented above can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. Forage supply from herbs was assessed in a thinned caatinga enriched with buffel grass. Impacts and management of cenchrus ciliaris buffel grass as an invasive species in northern queensland thesis submitted by janice jackson b. Sandbur control in corn cein4 north dakota state cooperative extension.
Immature forms of buffelgrass look similar to bunchgrass because of the condensed appearance. The obtained results exhibited direct cytotoxic effect with variable. Larger adults plants split at the nodes as they grow developing a messy unorganized. It commonly escapes from plantings, especially into disturbed habitats, where it promotes a grassfire cycle. Phylogenetic studies favour the unification of pennisetum, cenchrus. Buffel grass cenchrus ciliaris the australian association of bush. Cenchrus ciliaris is a grass native to southern asia and much of africa. The introductory weed management manual also available from this website may assist in developing a plan. Thus nickle ni metal stress induces alterations in carbohydrate and phosphorus metabolism and c. Poaceae gramineae according to the rules of icbn the names of the families should end in aceae. Plants profile for cenchrus spinifex coastal sandbur.